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??????? 1707 SCOTLAND AND THE NEGRO SLAVE TRADE ??#LESTWEFORGET ?

??????? 1707 SCOTLAND AND THE NEGRO SLAVE TRADE ??#LESTWEFORGET ? Thoughts Camera Action 36 Views • 4 years ago

Most overseers and plantocracy in Jamaica and the American south were of Scottish ancestry. Memebers of the The Scottish Presbyterian church founded the terrorist organisation The KKK circa 1865 in retaliation for the emancipation of the Negro for chiefly, political/industrial reasons. An example of modern day inherited wealth is Donald Trump and Mitch Mc Connell both of Scottish ancestry whose families accumulated huge wealth during the colonial/post-colonial era. Furthermore, the overall capital wealth of Scottish Banks i.e Halifax and Barclays was notably from the byproduct of slavery and the exploitation of the negro population on plantations.

Interestingly, we are learning that the so-called negro is indeed the black Jew from the bible who were expelled from Portugal in 1492 and Portuguese colonies of the West Coast of Africa who were then shipped to Brazil, West Indies and America.

Scotland unlike (Catholic) Spain and Portugal was a late comer to the slave trade yet, by 1796, Scots owned nearly 30 per cent of the estates in Jamaica and by 1817, a staggering 32 per cent of the slaves. There were only about 70 or 80 slaves in Scotland but the country reaped the fruits of their labour in the colonies in the sugar, cotton and tobacco plantations.

#Didyouknow Caribbean surnames i.e Tulloch, Mcbean, McDonald, Campbell, Innerarity to name a few chase their origins back to Scotland?

Robert Allason, who built Greenbank House, near Glasgow (now cared for by the NTS) took
part in the Transatlantic Trade. He traded in tobacco and slaves. He sent goods from Port
Glasgow to his brother Sandy, who was based in Calabar (now in Nigeria), who then took
slaves on board his ship and sailed to the West Indies and America – where William Allason ran
a tobacco plantation (in Virginia) that was worked by enslaved people. Robert was sent the
tobacco which he sold in Britain and Europe. Port Glasgow and Greenock were the principal
tobacco ports in Britain.

The abolition of the Slave Trade Act
Even though slavery had been judged illegal in Scotland (and also in England), the slave trade
system was allowed to continue in the British Empire.
It wasn’t until 1807, after a long campaign, that the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act was passed
in Britain. Abolitionists came from all walks of life – both rich and poor. Among the first were the
Quakers, and many Abolitionists came from evangelical groups. Leading campaigners included
William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Zachary Macaulay and Olaudah Equiano. Africans
played a major role – enslaved people through resistance on the plantations, and freed Africans
by contributing to the campaign in Britain.
The end of slavery
The Act stopped the transatlantic slave trade in the British Empire, and meant that plantation
owners could no longer buy new slaves – but slavery was still legal.
The supporters of Abolition continued their campaign. It was during this time that women played
a more visible role – though they were not allowed to vote, they organised lobbying groups in
support of Abolition. The plantation owners, and others making profits from slavery, fought hard
to uphold the system. However, in 1833, slavery was declared illegal in the British Empire.

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Sound speech, that cannot be condemned; that he that is of the contrary part may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say of you. Titus 2:8

Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. Col 4:6

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1583 - 1622 ??QUEEN NZINGA OF ANGOLA WHO RESISTED THE PORTUGUESE ??CATHOLIC SLAVE TRADE

1583 - 1622 ??QUEEN NZINGA OF ANGOLA WHO RESISTED THE PORTUGUESE ??CATHOLIC SLAVE TRADE Thoughts Camera Action 48 Views • 4 years ago

Welcome to Thoughts Camera Action #ProvokingThought
Nzinga was born to ngola Kia Samba and Guenguela Cakombe around 1583] She was related to Nzinga Mhemba, who was baptized as Alfonso in 1491 by the Portuguese.
Nzinga also had two sisters: Mukumbu, or Lady Barbara and Kifunji, or Lady Grace. Nzinga's father, was ruler of the Ndongo and Matamba kingdoms which governed the Mbundu people. When Kia Samba was dethroned some time in the 1610s, his illegitimate son, Mbandi, took power and Nzinga was forced to leave the kingdom since she was his challenger to the throne.

According to tradition, she was named Njinga because her umbilical cord was wrapped around her neck (the Kimbundu verb kujinga means to twist or turn). It was said to be an indication that the person who had this characteristic would be proud and haughty, and a wise woman told her mother that Nzinga would become queen one day. According to her recollections later in life, she was greatly favoured by her father, who allowed her to witness as he governed his kingdom, and who carried her with him to war. She also had a brother, Mbandi, and two sisters, Kifunji and Mukambu. She lived during a period when the Atlantic slave trade and the consolidation of power by the Portuguese in the region were growing rapidly.

In the 16th century, the Portuguese position in the slave trade was threatened by England and France. As a result, the Portuguese shifted their slave-trading activities to the Congo and South West Africa. Mistaking the title of the ruler, ngola, for the name of the country, the Portuguese called the land of the Mbundu people "Angola"—the name by which it is still known today.

Nzinga first appears in historical records as the envoy of her brother, the ngiolssa Ngola Mbandi, at a peace conference with the Portuguese governor João Correia de Sousa in Luanda in 1622.

In 1657, weary from the long struggle, Nzinga signed a peace treaty with Portugal. The church "re-accepted" Nzinga in 1656.[13] She converted again to Catholicism in 1657.[18] Along with the Capuchins, she promoted churches in her kingdom.[13] After the wars with Portugal ended, she attempted to rebuild her nation, which had been seriously damaged by years of conflict and over-farming. She was anxious that Njinga Mona's Imbangala not succeed her as ruler of the combined kingdom of Ndongo and Matamba, and inserted language in the treaty that bound Portugal to assist her family to retain power. Lacking a son to succeed her, she tried to vest power in the Ngola Kanini family and arranged for her sister to marry João Guterres Ngola Kanini and to succeed her. This marriage, however, was not allowed, as priests maintained that João had a wife in Ambaca. She returned to the Christian church to distance herself ideologically from the Imbangala, and took a Kongo priest Calisto Zelotes dos Reis Magros as her personal confessor. She permitted Capuchin missionaries, first Antonio da Gaeta and the Giovanni Antonio Cavazzi da Montecuccolo to preach to her people. Both wrote lengthy accounts of her life, kingdom, and strong will.

Sound speech, that cannot be condemned; that he that is of the contrary part may be ashamed, having no evil thing to say of you. Titus 2:8

Let your speech be alway with grace, seasoned with salt, that ye may know how ye ought to answer every man. Col 4:6

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??1773 QUEEN NANNY OF THE MAROONS WHO OVERTHREW BRUTAL ??THE BRITISH . #LESTWEFORGET ?

??1773 QUEEN NANNY OF THE MAROONS WHO OVERTHREW BRUTAL ??THE BRITISH . #LESTWEFORGET ? Thoughts Camera Action 63 Views • 4 years ago

The story of the Jamaican Maroons, Africans who refused to live in slavery, is little known outside that Caribbean country. Their unwillingness to accept the yoke of the colonial slave masters made them unique among the Africans brought in bondage to the Americas. In the mountains and jungles of Jamaica, they earned for themselves an autonomy never before seen by Africans in the New World. It is night in the Blue Mountains. The year is 1734. There is no noise save the occasional hoot of an owl or the shriek of a bat enjoying its evening feast. A visitor might think the place uninhabited, but this is a warrior’s camp – Maroon soldiers and look outs are posted along every ridge, high up in the trees, behind every shadow. They are cloaked in darkness and covered in branches, hiding among the lush foliage. A few hours before morning approaches, we hear the tramp-tramp-tramp of black British boots on Maroon soil – the British soldiers, in their bright red uniforms and big black boots, with their loud laughter and disregard for their environment, are a stark contrast to the Maroon soldiers.

Queen Nanny or Nanny, a Jamaica National Hero, was an 18th-century leader of the Jamaican Maroons. Much of what is known about her comes from oral history, as little textual evidence exists. She was born into the Asante people in what is today Ghana, and escaped from slavery after being transported to Jamaica.

In 1739–40, the British government in Jamaica recognized that it could not defeat the Maroons, so they came to an agreement with them instead. At first, the treaties only recognised Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) and Crawford's Town. But after the destruction of Crawford's Town in the 1750s, the Maroons were located in five main towns: Accompong, Trelawny Town, Moore Town (formerly known as New Nanny Town), Scott's Hall and Charles Town, living under their own rulers and a British supervisor known as a superintendent.

In exchange, they were asked to agree not to harbour new runaway slaves, but rather to help catch them. This last clause in the treaty caused a split between the Maroons and the rest of the black population. Another provision of the agreement was that the Maroons would serve to protect the island from invaders.

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??1532 ARGENTINA AND THE NEGRO SLAVE TRADE #LESTWEFORGET ?

??1532 ARGENTINA AND THE NEGRO SLAVE TRADE #LESTWEFORGET ? Thoughts Camera Action 58 Views • 4 years ago

"NO BLACKS" IN ARGENTINA. Argentina is perceived by many to be a primarily white, European country, with Buenos Aires often referred to as the “Paris of Latin America” in popular culture. This perception is rooted in a post-colonial eugenics process where Argentine leaders and intellectuals in the 19th century, especially during the Generation of 1837 and the Generation of 1880, actively made an effort to systematically erase Black Argentines from the country’s history, popular culture, and society in an effort to position the nation as a global power modeled after the US and Europe.

During the second half of the 19th century, the Afro-Argentine population was rapidly and heavily decimated. This was the result of several factors. In the first place, Black Argentines were enlisted en masse to fight for the Argentine military in the Paraguayan War of 1865. The conflict resulted in the deaths of thousands of Black men, culminating in a heavy gender imbalance in the Afro-Argentine population. As such, this led Black women to increasingly form relationships and have children with white or mixed partners.

Then, cholera epidemics hit Buenos Aires in the 1860’s, followed by yellow fever in 1871, devastating the Afro-Argentine population due to the squalid conditions in which many were forced to live as a result of systematic discrimination, with nearly non-existent access to proper sanitation or healthcare. Other Black Argentines fled to Brazil or Uruguay where they hoped they would encounter both better living conditions and more opportunity.

Yet, the hard blow to this population was not enough for many Argentine leaders, politicians, and intellectuals who wished to elevate Argentina’s position in the world so it would be equal in rank and social prestige to the United States or many of Europe’s great powers. Viewing the whiteness of a population as a measure of social status, the mere existence of Afro-Argentines symbolized to these leaders an inherent antithesis to Argentina’s ascension in the global sphere.

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